语法点拨
1. 表示“时间”的介词短语
between…and…与from…to…都是表示一段时间的介词短语,但用法有些区别。
between... and...“在...和...之间”,between只能表示“在两者之间”,谓语动词可以是非延续性动词。
You can come between 8 and 9.你可在8点和9点之间来。
from...to...“从...到...”,谓语动词用延续性动词。
The party will be from 7:00pm. to 9:00pm.晚会将从7点开始到9点结束。
2. 时间状语从句
时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同, 要注意把握不同的时间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系, 以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、 语态等问题。
(1) when, as, while引导的时间状语从句
① when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生,注意体会如下例句: I’ll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妻子在做晚饭。
② while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”, 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行, 用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中,主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词,例如: Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习, 该玩的时候就玩。// I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。
③ as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时, 一边……一边……”, 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作), 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如: He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。
(2) before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析:
before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前,after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如: Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在驾驶公共汽车之前,他们必须通过专门测验。// I saw them after I arrived. 在我抵达之后, 我见到了他们。
(3) till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析:
till和 until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同, 一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式, till在口语中更为常见)。till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、 表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到……为止”, 跟主句里否定形式的、 表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到……才(开始)”, 例如: Walk till you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子为止。// We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back. 我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。
(4 )since引导的时间状语从句分析:
since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”, 其用法主要有两种:
① 现在完成时的主句+since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如:
They have been friends ever since they were in grade school. 他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。
What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后, 你在做什么?
② It be(主句中谓语用一般式和用完成式区别不大, 后者更具强调意味)+表示一段时间的词汇+since引导的时间状语从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我成为研究生已经有2年了。
It was three years since we had been there. 我们在那儿已呆了三年。
3. 副词的比较等级
参照形容词的比较等级
① --Why don’t you like winter in Beijing?
--Because it is winter in Guangzhou.(2010广东省)
A. as cold as B. much colder than
C. not so cold as D. not colder than
② Dear students, please read every sentence carefully. _________ you are, _________ mistakes you’ll make. (2010兰州市)
A. The more carefully, the fewer B. The more careful, the less
C. The more carefully, the less D. The more careful, the fewer
③ --What’s the low-carbon life style like?
--Save______energy, produce_______carbon. (2010黄冈市)
A. more; more B. less; more C. less; less D. more; less
④ --Did you love your day trip? --Yes, we enjoyed the roller coaster_______of all. (2010南京市)
A. most B. little C. more D. less
⑤ --Would you please drive_______, Nick? It’s a little late.
--I’d like to, but safety must come first. (2010三明市)
A. more slowly B. more quickly C. more carefully
⑥ --Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5, Grandpa?
--The programs on Channel 10 are _______better. (2010泰安市)
A. more much B. much more C. more D. much
⑦ She is very good at painting. She can paint _______ her teacher. (2010青海省)
A. as better as B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as