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The Archeology of Knowledge 知识考古学 by Michel Foucault 福柯

【书名】The Archeology of Knowledge  知识考古学

【作者】Michel Foucault 福柯

【格式】DOC

【出版情况】

English edition first published in the United Kingdom in 1972 by Tavistock Publications Limited First published by Routledge in 1989

First published in Routledge Classics 2002 by Routledge

【图片】

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【简介】

"The Archaeology of Knowledge" is a detailed description of Foucault's methodology that gives thorough thought to fundamental terms like discourse, enunciative modalities, concepts, strategies, statments, enunciative functions and the archive. After this groundwork is laid, he digs into his articulation of "archaeology", primarily placed in contrast to the discipline of "the history of ideas".

In The Archaeology of Knowledge, Foucault's concept of archaeology is focused in discourse and an analysis of the "statement". He sees statements as important indicators of the rules and conditions in a larger field of discourse, institution, discipline, or "discursive formation". The conditions of a statement's existence points toward how claims of truth are constructed and valued within the positivity of a discipline: which statements are acknowledged as being significant or insignificant provide important insight into the mechanics and dynamics of a discipline or epoch. Instead of searching for homogeneity in a discursive entity, Foucault looks at ruptures, breaks, mutations, and transformations -- including marginal or forgotten discourses -- to understand the production of meaning and knowledge.

Foucault is not directly engaged with media per se: his emphasis is an analysis of statements and their surrounding institutions, not the mediating technologies that transmit them. Although he values the materiality of artifacts and the archive, he clearly views media as a subset of the larger framework discursive formations: media have no independent power to reinscribe or transcribe statements apart from the institutions that mobilize them.

I personally found the introduction (pages 3 to 17) and the last portion of the book (pages 126 through 195) to be the most insightful portions of the text.

福柯的《知识考古学》是继他的《疯狂史》、《临床医学的诞生》和《词与物》之后发表的一部纯理论著作，是对前三本书的理论方法的归纳。它一面世，就在学术界引起了激烈的争论和深刻的反思。结构主义者、反传统的年轻学者对《知识考古学》热烈赞扬，说它摧毁了可以说出世界、生命、伦理、上帝和历史等等哲学可以描述其本质的东西，是“历史反思的丧钟”，是对“旧观念历史传统的颠覆”……

福柯的大多数研究致力于考察具体的历史，由此开掘出众多富有冲击力的思想主题。而激烈地批判现代理性话语；同时，福柯的行文风格具有鲜明的文学色彩，讲究修辞，饱含激情。这也是他在欧美世界产生巨大影响的一个重要原因。
以考古学的方法梳理人类知识的历史，似乎是在追寻落在时间之外，今天又归于沉寂的印迹。这实际上就是对话语进行描述，但不是描述书籍，也不是描述理论，而是研究通过时间表现为医学、政治经济学、生物学的日常而神秘的总体。本书旨在展示历史知识领域中某个正在本领域中完成的转换原则和结果。书中描述的系统、确定的界限、建立起来的对比和对应关系不以古老的历史哲学为依据，它们的目的是重新提出目的论和整体化的问题。

【目录】（是制作的word文档自动生成的目录，因此页码非原书的初始页码）

CONTENTS.

Part I Introduction. 3

INTRODUCTION.. 3

Part II The Discursive Regularities. 12

1. THE UNITIES OF DISCOURSE. 12

2. DISCURSIVE FORMATIONS. 17

3. THE FORMATION OF OBJECTS. 21

4. THE FORMATION OF ENUNCIATIVE MODALITIES. 26

5 THE FORMATION OF CONCEPTS. 29

6. THE FORMATION OF STRATEGIES. 35

7. REMARKS AND CONSEQUENCES. 38

Part III The Statement and the Archive. 43

2. THE ENUNCIATIVE FUNCTION.. 48

3. THE DESCRIPTION OF STATEMENTS. 57

4. RARITY, EXTERIORITY, ACCUMULATION.. 65

5 THE HISTORICAL A PRIORI AND THE ARCHIVE. 72

Part IV Archaeological Description. 76

1. ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE HISTORY OF IDEAS. 76

2. THE ORIGINAL And THE REGULAR.. 80

3. CONTRADICTIONS. 85

4. THE COMPARATIVE FACTS. 89

5. CHANGE And TRANSFORMATIONS. 93

6. SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. 102

Part Conclusion. 111

CONCLUSION.. 111

INDEX.. 119

【作者介绍】

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　　米歇尔·福柯(Michel Foucault，1926--1984）20世纪极富挑战性和反叛性的法国思想家。青年时期就学于巴黎高等师范学校，以后曾担任多所大学的教职。1970年起任法兰西学院思想系统史教授，直至去世。 福柯的大多数研究致力于考察具体的历史，由此开掘出众多富有冲击力的思想主题，从而激烈地批判现代理性话语；同时，福柯的行文风格具有鲜明的文学色彩，讲究修辞，饱含激情，这也是他在欧美世界产生巨大影响的一个重要原因。