推荐给好友 上一篇 | 下一篇

Karl Marx and Frederick Engles（马克思和恩格斯）全集

                                                                                            

马克思.jpg

 

Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a 19th-century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist and revolutionary. Often called the father of communism, Marx was both a scholar and a political activist. He addressed a wide range of political as well as social issues, and is known for, amongst other things, his analysis of history. His approach is indicated by the opening line of the The Communist Manifesto (1848): “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”. Marx argued that capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, will produce internal tensions which will lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, capitalism itself will be displaced by communism, a classless society which emerges after a transitional period in which the state would be nothing else but the revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat.
On the one hand, Marx argued for a systemic understanding of socioeconomic change. On this model, it is the structural contradictions within capitalism which necessitate its end, giving way to communism:

“ The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable. ”  — (The Communist Manifesto)

 

834344af0f397ae8fbed50ee.jpg

 

On the other hand, Marx argued that socioeconomic change occurred through organized revolutionary action. On this model, cap

 

180px-YoungerMarx.jpg

 

italism will end through the organized actions of an international working class: "Communism is for us not a state of affairs which is to be established, an ideal to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the real movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence." (from The German

Ideology)

 

100px-Karl_Marx.jpg

While Marx was a relatively obscure figure in his own lifetime, his ideas began to exert a major influence on workers' movements shortly after his death. This influence was given added impetus by the victory of the Marxist Bolsheviks in the Russian October Revolution, and there are few parts of the world which were not significantly touched by Marxian ideas in the course of the twentieth century. The relation of Marx to "Marxism" is a point of controversy. Marxism remains influential and controversial in academic and political circles.

 

  Karl Heinrich Marx was born the third of seven children of a Jewish family in Trier, in the Kingdom of Prussia's Province of the Lower Rhine. His father, Heinrich (1777–1838), who had descended from a long line of rabbis, converted to Christianity, despite his many deistic tendencies and his admiration of such Enlightenment figures as Voltaire and Rousseau. Marx's father was actually born Herschel Mordechai, but when the Prussian authorities would not allow him to continue practicing law as a Jew, he joined the official denomination of the Prussian state, Lutheranism, which accorded him advantages, as one of a small minority of Lutherans in a predominantly Roman Catholic region. His mother was Henrietta (née Pressburg; 1788–1863); his siblings were Sophie, Hermann, Henriette, Louise (m. Juta), Emilie and Caroline.

Education
Marx was educated at home until the age of thirteen. After graduating from the Trier Gymnasium, Marx enrolled in the University of Bonn in 1835 at the age of seventeen to study law, where he joined the Trier Tavern Club drinking society and at one point served as its president; his grades suffered as a result. Marx was interested in studying philosophy and literature, but his father would not allow it because he did not believe that his son would be able to comfortably support himself in the future as a scholar. The following year, his father forced him to transfer to the far more serious and academically oriented Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin. During this period, Marx wrote many poems and essays concerning life, using the theological language acquired from his liberal, deistic father, such as "the Deity," but also absorbed the atheistic philosophy of the Young Hegelians who were prominent in Berlin at the time. Marx earned a doctorate in 1841 with a thesis titled The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature, but he had to submit his dissertation to the University of Jena as he was warned that his reputation among the faculty as a Young Hegelian radical would lead to a poor reception in Berlin.

180px-Marx_old.jpg

 

 

 

                                                      

02.jpg

 

Friedrich Engels (November 28, 1820 – August 5, 1895) was a German social scientist and philosopher, who developed communist theory alongside his better-known collaborator, Karl Marx, co-authoring The Communist Manifesto (1848). Engels also edited the second and third volumes of Das Kapital after Marx's death.

 

Friedrich Engels was born in Barmen, Rhine Province of the kingdom of Prussia (now a part of Wuppertal in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) as the elder son of a German textile manufacturer, with whom he had a strained relationship. [1] Due to family circumstances, Engels dropped out of High school and was sent to work as a nonsalaried office clerk at a commercial house in Bremen in 1838. [2][3] During this time, Engels began reading the philosophy of Hegel, whose teachings had dominated German philosophy at the time. In September of 1838, he published his first work, a poem titled The Bedouin, in the Bremisches Conversationsblatt No. 40. He also engaged in other literary and journalistic work.[4][5] In 1841, Engels joined the Prussian Army as a member of the Household Artillery. This position moved him to Berlin where he attended university lectures, began to associate with groups of Young Hegelians and published several articles in the Rheinische Zeitung[3]. Throughout his lifetime, Engels would point out that he was indebted to German philosophy because of its effect on his intellectual development

01200000001541114404215724646_s.jpg

 

Pre-1840: The writings of a young Karl Marx (M)
Book of Verse
1835: Reflections of a Young Man on the Choice of a Profession
1836: Jenny
1836: Feelings
1836: My World
1837: Wild Songs
1837: Transformation
 
1840s
1844: Comments on James Mill's "Elements of Political Economy" (M)
1844: Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (M)
1844-5: Condition of the Working Class in England (E)
1845-6: The German Ideology (M/E)
1847: Communist League (M/E)
1847: The Poverty of Philosophy (M)
1848: Manifesto of the Communist Party (M/E)
1849: Wage-Labor and Capital (M)
1850s
1850: The Class Struggle in France, 1848 to 1850 (M)
1850: The Peasants' War in Germany (E)
1852: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany (M)
1852: The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (M)
1852: The Heroes of the Exile! (M/E)
1857-60: Articles on the China War for the New York Daily Tribune (M/E)
1857: Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (M)
1857: Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations (M)
1859: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (M)

1860s
1861: Articles on the U.S. Civil War (M)
1867: Capital, Volume 1 (M)

1870s
1873: The Housing Question (E)
1877: Anti-Dühring (E)

1880s
1880: Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (E)
1884:  The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
1885: Capital, volume 2 (M)
1885: History of the Communist League (E)
1886: The End of Classical German Philosophy (E)

1890s
1894: Capital, volume 3 (M)

网盘免费下载（非TXT格式）：http://www.brsbox.com/filebox/down/fc/68e291214b23bca23d3988aae9c47ce9

 

 

 

 

 

Marx, Karl and Engles, Frederick 全集A.rar
(2008-07-10 20:21:08, Size: 2.22 MB, Downloads: 92)

 

 

Marx, Karl and Engles, Frederick 全集B.rar
(2008-07-10 20:21:08, Size: 1.01 MB, Downloads: 66)

 

 

Marx, Karl and Engles, Frederick 全集C.rar
(2008-07-10 20:21:08, Size: 997 KB, Downloads: 65)

（TXT格式）

 

[ 本帖最后由 爆笑女 于 2008-7-15 17:58 编辑 ]